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The Acorn and the Pumpkin, in French ''Le gland et la citrouille'', is one of La Fontaine's Fables, published in his second volume (IX.4) in 1679. In English especially, new versions of the story were written to support the teleological argument for creation favoured by English thinkers from the end of the 17th century onwards. ==Popular theology== The fable is one of the few by La Fontaine without a certain origin, although it is generally acknowledged that it owes something to a piece of street farce by Tabarin earlier in the 17th century. Beginning with the statement that "God's creation is well made", it recounts how a country bumpkin questions intelligent design in the creation by supposing that it would be better if oaks bore pumpkins and feeble vines supported acorns. He falls asleep beneath the tree and is awakened by the fall of an acorn, taking the comparative lack of injury he suffers as sufficient evidence of divine providence.〔(Elizur Wright translation online )〕 It has been surmised, however, that the ironical author's real target is the weakness of such moral reasoning.〔Peter France, “The poet as a teacher” in ''Poetry in France: metamorphoses of a muse'', Edinburgh U 1992, p.138〕 This appears to be substantiated by the fact that the argument employed is based on a joke in a farce that was not meant to be taken seriously. In the East, the same joke recommended itself to the compilers of similarly ambivalent stories about Nasreddin Hodja.〔("Walnuts and watermelons" )〕 In England, however, the fable was taken much more seriously as support for the teleological argument being put forward by theologians and philosophers at about that time. Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea, was the first to adapt the fable as a polemic against atheism, giving her poem the new title "The Atheist and the Acorn".〔''Specimens of British Poetesses'', London 1825, (pp.134-6 )〕 In place of La Fontaine's introductory reassurance that "God's creation is well made", the poem begins with the opposite proposition, "Methinks this world is oddly made, And every thing’s amiss," as uttered by "a dull presuming atheist". A combative stance replaces genial irony and the piece ends with the grotesque image of a smashed skull letting out its false suppositions.〔Jayne Elizabeth Lewis, ''The English Fable: Aesop and Literary Culture, 1651-1740'', Cambridge University 1996, (pp.139-40 )〕 In his version of La Fontaine in the ''Select Fables'' of 1754, Charles Denis returns to the title "The acorn and the pumpkin" and a more lightly nuanced spirit. "Whatever is, is right" is its opening proposition, and the repentant "bumpkin" is finally brought to "give Providence its due".〔Fable 3, (pp.16-18 )〕 In the same year of 1754, Robert Dodsley included a prose version in the modern fables section of his ''Select fables of Esop and other fabulists''.〔Fable 15, (pp.93-4 )〕 The piece preserves Anne Finch's title of "The atheist and the acorn" but is otherwise made a light hearted anecdote. It is "one of those refined reasoners, otherwise called Minute Philosophers," who speculates at his ease beneath an oak tree. But he finds, with the circumstance of the falling acorn, "how small a trifle may overturn the systems of mighty philosophers!" By the end of the 18th century the story was again returned to the sphere of popular theology by Hannah More. She made her poem "The two gardeners" a completely new treatment of the subject and published it as one of her Cheap Repository Tracts in 1797.〔(University of Oxford text archive )〕 Two gardeners debate the wisdom of creation and the free thinker becomes convinced that "God is wiser far than me" at the thought of the harm that a shower of "pompions" might have done to his head. Charles Linley the younger (1834–69) was later to rewrite the story of "The acorn and the pumpkin" for children in his ''Old Saws Newly Set'' (London 1864),〔(pp.12-13 )〕 with the same moral purpose. His conclusion is, "With rev'rent glance Creation scan, And learn thy littleness, O Man!" The same solemnity underlies the unascribed prose retelling at the head of the section on creation in yet another work of popular theology, ''Anecdotes and Examples illustrating the Catholic catechism'', published in New York in 1904.〔Google Books, (pp.39-40 )〕 The anecdote illustrates the proposition with which it begins, that "The wisdom of God is displayed in creation." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Acorn and the Pumpkin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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